1Nileen Lewers Langston & J. Orton Buck, Jr, Pedigrees of Some of Charlemagne's Descendents, Baltimore; 1986, 6 Oct 1998, Family History Library, Snohomish Stake Center, 10120 Chapel Hill Road, Lake Stevens, WA 98258, USA, France/06.02.
Llewellyn I Ap Iorwerth Prince of N. Wales
1Nileen Lewers Langston & J. Orton Buck, Jr, Pedigrees of Some of Charlemagne's Descendents, Baltimore; 1986, 6 Oct 1998, Family History Library, Snohomish Stake Center, 10120 Chapel Hill Road, Lake Stevens, WA 98258, USA, France/06.02.
2Oxford, Encyclopedia Brittanica, Inc., 1953, Vol 14; p250, 10 Oct 1998, Dianne Wintch, 510 Gays Drive, Marysville, WA 98271, USA, e-mail: lauray8@gte.net. "Was born after the expulsion of his father, Iorwerth, from the principality. In 1194, Llewellyn recovered the paternal inheritance . In 1201 he was the greatest Prince of Wales. At first he was a friend of King John (Lackland) of England, whose illegitimate daughter, Joanna, he married (1201); but alliance soon fell through, and in 1211 John reduced Llewellyn to submission. In the next year Llewellyn recovered all his losses in North Wales. In 1215 he took Shrewsbury. His rising had been encouraged by the Pope, by France, and by the English barons. His rights were secured by special clauses in the Magna Carta. But he never desisted from his wars with the Marchers of South Wales, and in the early years of Henry III he was several times attacked by English armies. In 1235 he retired into a Cistercian monastery."
John "Lackland" King Of ENGLAND
1The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (TM), July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996, Family History Library, Snohomish Stake Center, 10120 Chapel Hill Road, Lake Stevens, WA 98258, USA.
2Pitkin Pictorials LTD, Britain's Kings & Queens, Garrod & Lofthouse International, LTD; 1974, p9, 15 Mar 1998, Dianne Wintch, 510 Gays Drive, Marysville, WA 98271, USA, e-mail: lauray8@gte.net. "John (Lackland) 1199-1216; Born at Oxford 1166; Crowned at Westminster 27 May 1199; Buried at Worcester...King Richard's next brother, Geoffrey, left a son, Arthur, and a daughter, Eleanor, but they were passed over in favor of John, King Henry II's youngest son. there have been attempts to whitewash the characters of some of the less admired sovereigns, but John, it seems, would require more than whitewash: he does not seem to have had a single redeeming quality. He was a tall man, with a corpulence and face which reflected his profligate and indulgent life. He lost most of his French possessions; he broke his father's heart by his unfaithfulness; he rebelled against his brother; he quarrelled with the Pope, causing the country to be laid under an interdict, which meant that the churches were closed and the consolations of religion, which were perhaps the only consolations which the poor had, were denied; he tried to have his nephew Arthur blinded, and was probably responsible for his murder; and though he divorced his first wife, Isabel of Gloucester, great grand-daughter of Henry I, on the grounds of consanguinity, he was careful to retain her inheritance. The list of King John's malefaction and stupidities is endless, yet one good thing emerged from his reign. In 1215 the barons forced him to seal the Magna Carta, which, though in fact framed to limit the prerogative of the crown and extend power to the barons, has since become the foundation stone of an Englishman's liberty. The bad king, lost his treasure which was to him "everything in the world which he valued next to his own life" while fording a river near the Wash, died (possibly of poison) in Newark Castle. He left a widow, his second wife Isabella, the daughter of Aymer, Count of Angouleme, and the mother of his 5 children."
3The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (TM).
4The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (TM).
Miss De WARRENE [CONCUBINE #5]
1The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (TM), July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996, Family History Library, Snohomish Stake Center, 10120 Chapel Hill Road, Lake Stevens, WA 98258, USA.
2The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (TM).
Duncan I King Of SCOTLAND King
1The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (TM), July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996, Family History Library, Snohomish Stake Center, 10120 Chapel Hill Road, Lake Stevens, WA 98258, USA.
Sibyl FITZSIWARD [QUEEN OF SCOTLAND]
1The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (TM), July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996, Family History Library, Snohomish Stake Center, 10120 Chapel Hill Road, Lake Stevens, WA 98258, USA.
Melmare (Maelmuire) (Melkofr) Earl Of ATHOLL [PRINCE OF SCOTLAND]
1The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints, Ancestral File (TM), July 1996 (c), data as of 2 January 1996, Family History Library, Snohomish Stake Center, 10120 Chapel Hill Road, Lake Stevens, WA 98258, USA.
1Pitkin Pictorials LTD, Britain's Kings & Queens, Garrod & Lofthouse International, LTD; 1974, P2, 16 Mar 1998, Dianne Wintch, 510 Gays Drive, Marysville, WA 98271, USA, e-mail: lauray8@gte.net. "ETHELWULF 839-856; Crowned at Kingston upon Thames...Ethelwulf, son of King Egbert, a man inclined to piety and mildness, was for a time Bishop of Winchester. He came to the throne an experienced ruler, for his father had made him "sub-king" of Kent nine years before. In 855 Ethelwulf took his youngest son, Alfred on a pilgrimage to Rome. On the return trip he made a profitable alliance by marrying Charlemagne's grand-daughter Judith, the daughter of charles the Bald, King of France and Emperor of the Romans. On his arrival in England with his 13 year old bride, he found that his son, Ethelbald had usurped his throne. Rather than cause a civil war, he was content to take second place."
1Pitkin Pictorials LTD, Britain's Kings & Queens, Garrod & Lofthouse International, LTD; 1974, p3, 16 Mar 1998, Dianne Wintch, 510 Gays Drive, Marysville, WA 98271, USA, e-mail: lauray8@gte.net. "ETHELBALD 856-860; Crowned at Kingston upon Thames; Buried at Sherborne, Dorset...Inadvisedly married his adolescent step-mother, Judith, which was contrary to the laws of the church. consequently Queen Judith's father, King Charles the Bald of France, forced him to return his wife-mother and confined her to the solitude of the cloister. She eventually eloped with Baldwin, Count of Flanders, thereby becoming an ancestor of Matilda, the queen of William the Conqueror."
1Pitkin Pictorials LTD, Britain's Kings & Queens, Garrod & Lofthouse International, LTD; 1974, p3, 16 Mar 1998, Dianne Wintch, 510 Gays Drive, Marysville, WA 98271, USA, e-mail: lauray8@gte.net. "ETHELBERT 860-866; Crowned at Kingston upon Thames; buried at Sherborne, Dorset, England...all that is recorded of him is that he governed "with love and honour"."
1Pitkin Pictorials LTD, Britain's Kings & Queens, Garrod & Lofthouse International, LTD; 1974, p3, 16 Mar 1998, Dianne Wintch, 510 Gays Drive, Marysville, WA 98271, USA, e-mail: lauray8@gte.net. "DAINT ETHELRED 866-871; Crowned at Kingston upon Thames; Buried at Wimborne..he is known as a hardy warrior who twice defeated the Danes and ended a turbulent reign on the field of Merton, where he was mortally wounded. After his death the "Witan" or meeting of the wise men, passed over his two sons and elected his younger brother, Alfred, king. Kings were chosen by the Witan from the royal house, but the heir primogeniture was not necessarily the heir selected."
1Pitkin Pictorials LTD, Britain's Kings & Queens, Garrod & Lofthouse International, LTD; 1974, p5, 16 Mar 1998, Dianne Wintch, 510 Gays Drive, Marysville, WA 98271, USA, e-mail: lauray8@gte.net. "EDMUND IRONSIDE April - November 1016; Born 933; Crowned at St. Paul's April 1016; Buried at Glastonbury, England...King Ethelred's eldest son, called "Ironside" owing to his great physical strength. The citizen's of London crowned him king even though the Witan chose Canute. He was forced to partition his kingdom owing to treachery on the field of battle. He left two sons, Edmund and Edward Atheling."
2Pitkin Pictorials LTD, Britain's Kings & Queens, p5, 11 Mar 1998. "King Ethelred's eldest son, Edmund, was called Ironside owing to his great physical strength. Though at Southampton the Witan elected King Sweyn Forkbeard's son, Canute, to be their king, the citizens of London chose Edmund and he was duly crowned at St. Paul's April 1016. He was forced to partition his kingdom owing mainly, it is said, to treachery on the field of battle. King Edmund never had the chance to regain his lost lands, for he died suddenly, probably from natural causes, after a reign of scarcely more than half a year. Although he left two sons, Edmund and Edward Atheling, an agreement was made to secure the throne for Canute."
1Pitkin Pictorials LTD, Britain's Kings & Queens, Garrod & Lofthouse International, LTD; 1974, p3, 16 Mar 1998, Dianne Wintch, 510 Gays Drive, Marysville, WA 98271, USA, e-mail: lauray8@gte.net. "ALFRED THE GREAT 871-899; Born at Wantage 849; Buried at Winchester...Alfred, seasoned by many battles, proved to be a great ruler. He defeated the Danish onslaught, led by Guthrum in 878, at the battle of Ethandun. In 884 he received the submission not only of the English, but also many Welsh princes. His real greatness lie in ability to keep peace. He is noted for three great things: 1. started a court school to educate the nobility; 2. encouraged the greatest scholars to come to England; 3. translated & published three medieval "best sellers", BEDE'S HISTORY, BOETHIUS'S CONSOLATION OF PHILOSOPHY, & GREGORY'S PASTORAL CARE."